LAST UPDATE: FEBRUARY 15, 2012

HIST 75400 / ART 87300 / ASCP 81500
Professor Joshua Brown
jbrown@gc.cuny.edu • 212-817-1970
Class: Spring 2012 Semester, Tuesdays, 6:30 - 8:30 pm, Room 6494
Office Hours: By appointment, Room 7301.09

"Historical understanding is like a vision, or rather like an evocation of images." Inspired by Johan Huizinga's insight, this course will explore the ways the study of visual culture—as subject and as evidence—illuminates and alters the research and analysis of major themes and eras in U.S. history. We will investigate the manner in which different visual media documented, articulated, and embodied conditions, relations, ideas, identity, and issues from the early republic to the attacks of September 11, 2001. While loosely chronological, the course readings and discussions are organized to consider a range of historiographic approaches and methods and to critically evaluate the impact and efficacy of using visual evidence to study the past.

REQUIREMENTS
In addition to participation in class, each student will be responsible for leading one or more class discussions (including reading and reporting on one or more of the optional readings, chosen in consultation with me). Students also are responsible for a final research paper (approximately 30 pages), which will be due at the last class (with a one-page précis due on March 13).
*Please note there is a reading assignment for the first class.

BOOKS
•Elizabeth Abel, Signs of the Times: The Visual Politics of Jim Crow (Berkeley, 2010). ISBN: 9780520261839 $25.95
•Wendy Bellion, Citizen Spectators: Art, Illusion, and Visual Perception in Early National America (Chapel Hill, 2011). ISBN: 9780807833889 $45.00
•Martin A. Berger, Seeing Through Race: A Reinterpretation of Civil Rights Photography (Berkeley 2011). ISBN: 9780520268647 $27.50
•Maurice Berger, For All the World to See: Visual Culture and the Struggle for Civil Rights (New Haven, 2010). ISBN: 9780300121315 $39.95
•Joshua Brown, Beyond the Lines: Pictorial Reporting, Everyday Life, and the Crisis of Gilded Age America (Berkeley, 2002). ISBN: 9780520248144 $25.95
•David Friend, Watching the World Change: The Stories Behind the Images of 9/11 (New York, 2006). ISBN: 9780312426767 $19.00
•Linda Gordon, Dorothea Lange: A Life Beyond Limits (New York, 2009). ISBN: 9780393339055 $19.95
•Harold Holzer, Gabor S. Borritt, and Mark E. Neely, Jr., The Lincoln Image: Abraham Lincoln and the Popular Print (New York, 1984). ISBN: 9780252069840 $20.95
•Alan Krell, The Devil’s Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire (Chicago, 2004). ISBN: 9781861891440 $25.00
•Anthony W. Lee, A Shoemaker's Story: Being Chiefly about French Canadian Immigrants, Enterprising Photographers, Rascal Yankees, and Chinese Cobblers in a Nineteenth-Century Factory Town (Princeton, 2008). ISBN: 9780691133256 $46.95
•Maurie D. McInnis, Slaves Waiting for Sale: Abolitionist Art and the American Slave Trade (Chicago, 2011). ISBN: 9780226559339 $40.00
•Kathy Peiss, Zoot Suit: The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style (Philadelphia, 2011). ISBN: 9780812243376 $24.95
•Lee Raiford, Imprisoned in a Luminous Glare: Photography and the African American Freedom Struggle (Chapel Hill, 2011). ISBN: 9780807834305 $45.00
•Martha A. Sandweiss, Print the Legend: Photography and the American West (New Haven, 2002). ISBN: 9780300103151 $42.00
•Kirk Savage, Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War, and Monument in Nineteenth-Century America (Princeton, 1997). ISBN: 9780691009476 $35.00
•Lynn Spigel, TV by Design: Modern Art and the Rise of Network Television (Chicago, 2008). ISBN: 9780226769684 $27.50
•Rebecca Zurier, Robert W. Snyder, and Virginia M. Mecklenburg, Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York (New York, 1995). ISBN: 9780393039016 $50.00


1.

January 31




INTRODUCTION
•Michael L. Wilson, "Visual Culture: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis?" in The Nineteenth-Century Visual Culture Reader, ed. Vanessa R. Schwartz and Jeannene M. Przyblyski (New York, 2004): 26-33. [Copies located in my mailbox in Rm. 5114]
•James W. Cook, "Seeing theVisual in U.S. History," Journal of American History 95:2 (September 2008): 432-41.

 
2.

February 7
PERCEPTION (early republic) – Yarisbel Rodriguez
•Wendy Bellion, Citizen Spectators: Art, Illusion, and Visual Perception in Early National America.

Optional Reading:
•James W. Cook, The Arts of Deception: Playing with Fraud in the Age of Barnum (Cambridge, 2001).
•Jonathan Crary, Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1992).
•David Henkin, City Reading: Written Words and Public Spaces in Antebellum New York (New York, 1998).
•David Jaffee, A Nation of Goods: The Material Culture of Early America (Philadelphia, 2010).
•__________, "One of the Primitive Sort: Portrait Makers of the Rural North, 1760-1860" in The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation: Essays in the Social History of Rural America, ed., Steven Hahn and Jonathan Prude (Chapel Hill, 1985), 103-40.
•Margaretta M. Lovell, Art in a Season of Revolution: Painters, Artisans, and Patrons in Early America (Philadelphia, 2005).

•Maurie D. McInnis and Louis P. Nelson, eds., Shaping the Body Politic: Art and Political Formation in Early America (Charlottesville, 2011).
•Laura Rigal, The American Manufactory: Art, Labor, and the World of Things in the Early Republic (Princeton, 2001).
•Alan Trachtenberg, Reading American Photographs: Images as History: Mathew Brady to Walker Evans (New York, 1989), Chapter 1.

 
3. February 14 WORK OF ART (slavery/antislavery) – Michael Granger
•Maurie D. McInnis, Slaves Waiting for Sale: Abolitionist Art and the American Slave Trade.

Optional Reading:
•Sarah Burns, Painting the Dark Side: Art and the Gothic Imagination in Nineteenth-Century America (Berkeley, 2004).
•Gregory Fried, "True Pictures," Common-place 2:2 (January 2002).
•Kay Dian Kriz, Slavery, Sugar, and the Culture of Refinement: Picturing the British West Indies, 1700-1840 (New Haven, 2008).
•Phillip Lapansky, "Graphic Discord: Abolitionist and Antiabolitionist Images," in The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women’s Political Culture in Antebellum America, ed. Jean Fagan Yellin and John C. Van Horne (Ithaca, 1994), 201-30.
•Richard J. Powell, "Cinqué: Antislavery Portraiture and Patronage in Jacksonian America," American Art 11:3 (Fall 1997): 48-73.
•Bernard F. Reilly, Jr., "The Art of the Antislavery Movement," in Courage and Conscience: Black and White Abolitionists in Boston, ed. Donald M. Jacobs (Bloomington, 1993), 47-73.
•Molly Rogers, Delia’s Tears: Race, Science, and Photography in Nineteenth-Century America (New Haven, 2010).
•Colin L. Westerbeck, "Frederick Douglass Chooses His Moment," in African Americans in Art: Selections from the Art Institute of Chicago, ed. Susan F. Rosen (Chicago, 1999), 9-25.
•Marcus Wood, Blind Memory: Visual Representations of Slavery in England and America, 1780-1865 (New York, 2000).

 
  February 21 NO CLASS

 
4. February 28 HISTORICAL FIGURE (civil war) – Laura Ping
•Harold Holzer, Gabor S. Borritt, and Mark E. Neely, Jr., The Lincoln Image: Abraham Lincoln and the Popular Print.

Optional Reading:
•Gary L. Bunker, From Rail-Splitter to Icon: Lincoln's Image in Illustrated Periodicals, 1860-1865 (Kent, OH, 2001).
•Keith F. Davis, "'A Terrible Distinctness': Photography of the Civil War Era," in Photography in Nineteenth Century America, 1839-1900, ed. Martha Sandweiss (New York, 1991).
•Alice Fahs, The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861-1865 (Chapel Hill, 2001).
•William Frassanito, Gettysburg: A Journey in Time (New York, 1975).
•R. Blakeslee Gilpin, John Brown Still Lives! America's Long Reckoning with Violence, Equality, and Change (Chapel Hill, 2011).
•Harold Holzer, “Picturing Freedom: The Emancipation Proclamation in Art, Iconography, and Memory,” in Harold Holzer, Edna Greene Medford, Frank J. Williams, The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views (Baton Rouge, 2006), pp. 83-136.
•Anthony W. Lee and Elizabeth Young, Alexander Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book of the Civil War (Berkeley, 2007).
•Nicholas Mirzoeff, The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality (Durham, 2011).
•Alan Trachtenberg, Reading American Photographs, Chapter 2.
•Peter H. Wood, Near Andersonville: Winslow Homer’s Civil War (Cambridge, 2010).

 
5. March 6

MEMORY (reconstruction) – Sarah Bane
•Kirk Savage, Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War, and Monument in Nineteenth-Century America.

Optional Reading:
•Albert Boime, The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century (Washington, D.C., 1990).
•Steven Coon, “Narrative Trauma and Civil War History Painting, or Why Are These Pictures So Terrible?,” History and Theory 41 (December 2002): 17-42.

•Harold Holzer, Gabor S. Borritt, and Mark E. Neely, Jr., The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause (Chapel Hill, 1987).
•Cynthia Mills and Pamela H. Simpson, eds., Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory (Knoxville, 2003).
•Mary Niall Mitchell, Raising Freedom’s Child: Black Children and Visions of the Future After Slavery (New York, 2008).
•Mark E. Neely. Jr, Harold Holzer, and Gabor S. Boritt, The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause (New York, 1987).
•Nina Silber, The Romance of Reunion: Northerners and the South, 1876-1900 (Chapel Hill, 1993).

•Peter Wood and Karen C. C. Dalton, Winslow Homer's Images of Blacks: The Civil War and Reconstruction Years (Austin, 1988).

 
6. March 13
*RESEARCH PAPER TOPIC DUE

PLACE (industrialization) - Joel Feingold
•Anthony W. Lee, A Shoemaker's Story: Being Chiefly about French Canadian Immigrants, Enterprising Photographers, Rascal Yankees, and Chinese Cobblers in a Nineteenth-Century Factory Town.

Optional Reading:
•Michael Clapper, “‘I Was Once a Barefoot Boy!’: Cultural Tensions in a Popular Chromo,” American Art 16:2 (Summer 2002): 17-39.
•Melissa Dabakis, Visualizing Labor in American Sculpture: Monuments, Manliness, and the Work Ethic, 1880-1935 (Cambridge, 1999).
•James M. Dennis, The Strike: The Improbable Story of an Iconic 1886 Painting of Labor Protest (Madison, 2011).
•Kimberly Orcutt, ed., John Rogers: American Stories (New York, 2011).
•Christopher Phelps, "The Strike Imagined: The Atlantic and Interpretive Voyages of Robert Koehler's Painting The Strike," Journal of American History 98:3 (December 2011): 670-97.
•Kirk Savage, Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape (Berkeley, 2009).
[ADDITIONAL READINGS TO COME]

 
7. March 20 PUBLICATION (gilded age) – Lawrence Cappello
•Joshua Brown, Beyond the Lines: Pictorial Reporting, Everyday Life, and the Crisis of Gilded Age America.

Optional Reading:
•Michael L. Carlebach, The Origins of Photojournalism in America (Washington, D.C., 1992).
•Roger A. Fischer, Them Damned Pictures: Explorations in American Political Cartoon Art (North Haven, 1996).
•Amanda Frisken, Victoria Woodhull's Sexual Revolution: Political Theater and the Popular Press in Nineteenth-Century America (Philadelphia, 2004).
•__________, “Obscenity, Free Speech, and ‘Sporting News’ in 1870s America,” Journal of American Studies 42 (2008): 537-77.
•Thomas C. Leonard, The Power of the Press: The Birth of American Political Reporting (New York, 1986), Chapter 4.
•Michele Martin, Images at War: Illustrated Periodicals and Constructed Nations (Toronto, 2006).
•Mark J. Noonan, Reading the Century Illustrated Month Magazine: American Literature and Culture, 1870-1893 (Kent, 2010).
•Richard Samuel West, Satire on Stone: The Political Cartoons of Joseph Keppler (Urbana, 1988).


 
8. March 27

MEDIUM (west/empire) – Dicky Yangzom
•Martha A. Sandweiss, Print the Legend: Photography and the American West.

Optional Reading:
•David Brody, Visualizing American Empire: Orientalism and Imperialism in the Philippines (Chicago, 2010).
•George Catlin, Brian W. Dippie, George Gurney, George Catlin and His Indian Gallery (New York, 2002).
•William Cronon, "Telling Tales on Canvas: Landscapes of Frontier Change," in Discovered Lands, Invented Pasts, ed., Jules Prown, Nancy Anderson, William Cronon, Brian Dippie (New Haven, 1992), 37-87.

•James Gilbert, "Fixing the Image: Photography at the World's Columbian Exposition" in Grand Illusions: Chicago’s World’s Fair of 1893 (Chicago, 1993), 99-140.
•Estelle Jussim, Frederic Remington, the Camera and the Old West (Fort Worth, 1983).
•Robin Kelsey, Archive Style: Photographs and Illustrations for U.S. Surveys, 1850-1890 (Berkeley, 2007).
•Anthony W. Lee, Picturing Chinatown: Art and Orientalism in San Francisco (Berkeley, 2001).
•Hayes Peter Mauro, The Art of Americanization at the Carlisle Indian School (Albuquerque, 2011).
•Bonnie M. Miller, From Liberation to Conquest: The Visual and Popular Cultures of the Spanish-American War of 1898 (Amherst, 2011).

 
9. April 3 INTERDISCIPLINARY/COLLABORATION (turn of the century city) – Gary Owen
•Rebecca Zurier, Robert W. Snyder, and Virginia M. Mecklenburg, Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York.

Optional Reading:
•Michele H. Bogart, Public Sculpture and the Civic Ideal in New York City, 1890-1930 (Chicago, 1989).
•Peter Conolly-Smith, Translating America: An Immigrant Press Visualizes American Popular Culture, 1895-1918 (Washington, DC, 2004).
•Ellen Gruber Garvey, The Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering of Consumer Culture, 1880s to 1910s (New York, 1996).
•Ian Gordon, Comic Strips and Consumer Culture, 1890-1945 (Washington, D.C., 1998).
•Peter Bacon Hales, Silver Cities: The Photography of American Urbanization, 1839-1915 (Philadelphia, 1984).
•Neil Harris, "Iconography and Intellectual History: The Halftone Effect," in Cultural Excursions: Marketing Appetites and Cultural Tastes in Modern America (Chicago, 1990), 304-17.
•Anna Pegler-Gordon, In Sight of America: Photography and the Development of U.S. Immigration Policy (Berkeley, 2009).
•Maren Stange, Symbols of Ideal Life: Social Documentary Photography in America, 1890-1950 (Cambridge, 1989).
•Bonnie Yochelson and Daniel Czitrom, Rediscovering Jacob Riis: The Reformer, His Journalism, and His Photographs (New York, 2008).
•Rebecca Zurier, Picturing the City: Urban Vision and the Ashcan School (Berkeley, 2006).

 
  April 10 NO CLASS

 
10. April 17 BIOGRAPHY (depression/new deal)
•Linda Gordon, Dorothea Lange: A Life Beyond Limits.

Optional Reading:
•Jasmine Alinder, Moving Images: Photography and the Japanese American Incarceration (Urbana, 2009).
•James Curtis, Mind's Eye, Mind's Truth: FSA Photography Reconsidered (Philadelphia, 1989).

•Michael Denning, "'Who’s Afraid of Big Bad Walt?' Disney’s Radical Cartoonists," in The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1996): 403-22.
•Carl Fleischhauer and Beverly W. Brannan, ed., Documenting America, 1935-1943 (Berkeley, 1988).
•Patricia Hills, Painting Harlem Modern: The Art of Jacob Lawrence (Berkeley, 2010).
•Helen Langa, Radical Art: Printmaking and the Left in 1930s New York (Berkeley, 2004).
•Esther Leslie, Hollywood Flatlands: Animation, Critical Theory, and the Avant-Garde (New York, 2002).
•Barbara Melosh, Engendering Culture: Manhood and Womanhood in New Deal Public Art and Theater (Washington, D.C., 1991).
•Richard Steven Street, Everyone Had Cameras: Photography and Farmworkers in California, 1850-2000 (Minneapolis, 2008).

 
11. April 24 OBJECT/ARTIFACT – Hadassah Hill
•Alan Krell, The Devil’s Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire.
•Kathy Peiss, Zoot Suit: The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style.

Optional Reading:
•Kenneth L. Ames, Death in the Dining Room and Other Tales of Victorian Culture (Philadelphia, 1992).
[ADDITIONAL READINGS TO COME]


 
12. May 1 DESIGN – Anthony Decosta
•Lynn Spigel, TV by Design: Modern Art and the Rise of Network Television.

Optional Reading:
•Michele H. Bogart, Advertising, Artists, and the Borders of Art (Chicago, 1995).
•Roland Marchand, Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920-1940 (Berkeley, 1986).
[ADDITIONAL READINGS TO COME]

 
13. May 8

EVENT – Katharine Uva
•David Friend, Watching the World Change: The Stories Behind the Images of 9/11.

Optional Reading:
•Michael Casey, Che’s Afterlife (New York, 2009).
•Hollis Clayson, Paris in Despair: Art and Everyday Life under Siege (1870-71) (Chicago, 2002).

•Stephen Eisenman, The Abu Ghraib Effect (New York, 2007).
•Robert Hariman and John Louis Lucaites, No Caption Needed: Iconic Photographs, Public Culture, and Liberal Democracy (Chicago, 2007).
•Jytte Klausen, The Cartoons That Shook the World (New Haven, 2009).
•Susie Linfield, The Cruel Radiance: Photography and Political Violence (Chicago, 2010).
•Louis P. Masur, The Soiling of Old Glory: The Story of a Photograph That Shocked America (New York, 2008).
•Errol Morris, Believing Is Seeing (Observations on the Mysteries of Photography) (New York, 2011).
•Marcus Wood, The Horrible Gift of Freedom: Atlantic Slavery and the Representation of Emancipation (Athens, 2010).
•Barbie Zelizer, About to Die: How News Images Move the Public (New York, 2010).

 
14. May 15
EVALUATING APPROACHES (civil rights movement)
*NOTE: Each student will be assigned to read two of the following books for this class:
•Elizabeth Abel, Signs of the Times: The Visual Politics of Jim Crow (Berkeley, 2010).
•Martin A. Berger, Seeing Through Race: A Reinterpretation of Civil Rights Photography (Berkeley 2011).
•Maurice Berger, For All the World to See: Visual Culture and the Struggle for Civil Rights (New Haven, 2010).
•Lee Raiford, Imprisoned in a Luminous Glare: Photography and the African American Freedom Struggle (Chapel Hill, 2011).


 
  May 22
*RESEARCH PAPER DUE